Netherlands - Geography, Government and History

Netherlands - Geography, Government and History Populace: 16,783,092 (July 2010 gauge) Capital: Amsterdam Seat of Government: The Hague Flanking Countries: Germany and Belgium Land Area: 16,039 square miles (41,543 sq km) Coastline: 280 miles (451 km) Most noteworthy Point: Vaalserberg at 1,056 feet (322 m) Absolute bottom: Zuidplaspolder at - 23 feet (- 7 m) The Netherlands, authoritatively called the Kingdom of the Netherlands, is situated in northwest Europe. The Netherlands outskirts the North Sea to its north and west, Belgium toward the south and Germany toward the east. The capital and biggest city in the Netherlands is Amsterdam, while the seat of government and in this way most government movement is in the Hague. Completely, the Netherlands is regularly called Holland, while its kin are alluded to as Dutch. The Netherlands is known for its low lying geology and barriers, just as for its liberal government. History of the Netherlands In the primary century B.C.E., Julius Caesar entered the Netherlands and found that it was occupied by different Germanic clans. The locale was then partitioned into a western bit that was occupied for the most part by Batavians while the east was possessed by the Frisians. The western piece of the Netherlands turned into a piece of the Roman Empire. Between the fourth and eighth hundreds of years, the Franks vanquished what is today the Netherlands and the region was later given to the House of Burgundy and the Austrian Habsburgs. In the sixteenth century, the Netherlands were constrained by Spain yet in 1558, the Dutch individuals revolted and in 1579, the Union of Utrecht joined the seven northern Dutch areas into the Republic of the United Netherlands. During the seventeenth century, the Netherlands developed in power with its provinces and naval force. Nonetheless, the Netherlands in the long run lost a portion of its significance after a few wars with Spain, France, and England in the seventeenth and eighteenth hundreds of years. What's more, the Dutch additionally lost their mechanical predominance over these countries. In 1815, Napoleon was vanquished and the Netherlands, alongside Belgium, turned into a piece of the Kingdom of the United Netherlands. In 1830, Belgium framed its own realm and 1848, King Willem II reconsidered the Netherlands constitution to make it progressively liberal. From 1849-1890, King Willem III governed over the Netherlands and the nation developed altogether. At the point when he kicked the bucket, his little girl Wilhelmina became sovereign. During World War II, the Netherlands was constantly involved by Germany starting in 1940. Thus, Wilhelmina fled to London and set up an administration in a state of banishment. During WWII, over 75% of the Netherlands Jewish populace was executed. In May 1945, the Netherlands was freed and Wilhelmina restored the nation. In 1948, she relinquished the seat and her little girl Juliana was sovereign until 1980 when her little girl Queen Beatrix took the seat. Following WWII, the Netherlands developed in quality strategically and financially. Today the nation is an enormous visitor goal and a large portion of its previous settlements have picked up freedom and two (Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles) are as yet subordinate regions. The Government of the Netherlands The Kingdom of the Netherlands is viewed as an established government (rundown of rulers) with a head of state (Queen Beatrix) and a head of government filling the official branch. The authoritative branch is the bicameral States General with the First Chamber and the Second Chamber. The legal branch is comprised of the Supreme Court. Financial matters and Land Use in the Netherlands The economy of the Netherlands is steady with solid mechanical relations and a moderate joblessness rate. The Netherlands is likewise an European transportation center point and the travel industry is additionally expanding there. The biggest ventures in the Netherlands are agroindustries, metal and building items, electrical hardware and gear, synthetic compounds, oil, development, microelectronics, and angling. Rural results of the Netherlands incorporate grains, potatoes, sugar beets, organic products, vegetables, and domesticated animals. Topography and Climate of the Netherlands The Netherlands is known for its extremely low lying geography and recovered land called polders. About portion of the land in the Netherlands is underneath ocean level polders and barriers make more land accessible and less inclined to flooding for the developing nation. There are likewise some low slopes in the southeast however none of them ascend over 2,000 feet. The atmosphere of the Netherlands is mild and profoundly influenced by its marine area. Thus, it has cool summers and mellow winters. Amsterdam has a January normal low of 33ËšF (0.5ËšC) and an August high of simply 71ËšF (21ËšC). More Facts about the Netherlands The official dialects of the Netherlands are Dutch and FrisianThe Netherlands has huge minority networks of Moroccans, Turks, and SurinameseThe biggest urban areas in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht and Eindhoven.

The Poetry of T.S. Eliot Essay Example for Free

The Poetry of T.S. Eliot Essay The verse of T.S. Eliot is of such significance that it will be perused and investigated by people in the future of understudies and pundits as long as there is verse. Eliot got the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948 and his work crossed a timeframe from 1910 until his passing in 1965. The period 1914â€1922 was noteworthy for Eliot for clear just as close to home reasons and occasions. He was living in England and Europe was seeing the finish of the First World War and understanding the obliteration caused. By and by he was having conjugal troubles just as passionate and mental issues. (Eliot xvâ€xviii) His work from this period is dim and clearly affected by the â€Å"wasteland† of Europe just as his conjugal and individual issues. The sonnets are convincing and in their special path remain to show the magnificence that can be made in the troubling.  â â â â â â â â â â â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† was first distributed in 1915. It opens with Italian section from â€Å"Dante’s Inferno†, apparently attempting to establish a pace of death and condemnation. There are no splendid spots or satisfaction in the sonnet; rather there is a feeling of uneasiness, vulnerability and bitterness. He strolls â€Å"streets that follow like a dull contention of deceptive goal to lead you to a staggering question† (9). The ladies appear to be far off, â€Å"in the room the ladies travel every which way talking of Michelangelo† (10). It's anything but a wonderful scene. Eliot seems to need to get away from it, to be â€Å"a pair of worn out paws leaving over the floors of quiet seas† (11).  His language in Prufrock is loaded with inferences and exceptionally hard to peruse and decipher, and it is as though he has compassion toward the peruser. He shows his disappointment at miscommunication in a few lines, some rehashed. â€Å"That isn't what I implied by any means. That isn't it, at all† is trailed by later by â€Å"it is difficult to state exactly what I mean† (12). Later this idea is transformed and rehashed, â€Å"that isn't it in any way, that isn't what I implied, at all† (13). Towards the end he turns out to be despairing and thinks about his mature age and demise: â€Å"I develop old†¦I develop old†¦I have heard the mermaids singing, each to each. I don't figure they will sing to me†¦we have waited by the offices of the ocean via ocean young ladies wreathed with kelp red and earthy colored till human voices wake us and we drown† (13). The peruser is left to think about whether Prufrock was suffocating in an ocean of human voices. This contention and miscommunication is representative of both Eliot’s conjugal and individual troubles. The sonnet is discouraging and brimming with haziness, struggle and tension. It is just the start of his grim perspective.  â â â â â â â â â â This subject of obscurity and miscommunication keeps on being reflected in his verse. In â€Å"Morning at the Window†. Eliot is â€Å"aware of the moist spirits of housemaid growing miserably at zone gates†¦waves of haze hurl up to me wound faces†¦and tear from a bystander with sloppy skirts a random grin that floats noticeable all around and vanishes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (24). He composes of his â€Å"Aunt Helen† not in impression of her life, however upon her passing, concentrating on quiet and the errand of the funeral director: †¦the funeral director cleaned his feetâ€he knew this kind of thing had happened before† (26). There is a melancholy that is by all accounts wherever Eliot looks. His topic of miscommunication is in his very words, frequently strange and hard to decipher. In â€Å"Mr. Apollinax† Mr. Apollinax â€Å"laughed like a flippant embryo ‘he is an enchanting man’â€but after all what did he mean† (28).   If the words are sufficiently troublesome to comprehend, the last stanza is everything except difficult to fathom. â€Å"I recall a cut of lemon, and a severe macaroon† (29).  â â â â â â â â â â Through these disrupting works Eliot demonstrates himself to be an ace at depicting a side of the human condition nobody truly prefers to see, yet constantly at some point everybody does. Frequently he calls attention to the opposite view as he does in â€Å"The Wasteland†. Springtime is an immortal subject for incalculable writers communicating the marvel and excellence of nature waking up after a winter sleeping. Not so for Eliot. â€Å"April is the cruelest month, rearing lilacs out of the dead land, blending memory and want, mixing dull roots with spring rain† (65). As anyone might expect he appears to incline toward winter. â€Å"Winter kept us warm, covering earth with an absent minded day off, a little existence with dried tubers† (65). The topic of miscommunication proceeds to either cause or go with the murkiness. â€Å"Speak to me. Talk. For what reason do you never talk. Talk. What are you considering? What thinking? What? I never realize what you are thinking† (69).  â â â â â â â â â â Eliot returns to his prior subject of death as ocean in the â€Å"Death by Water† area of â€Å"Wasteland†, prompting Gentile or Jew â€Å"entering the whirlpool†Ã¢ to recall â€Å"Phlebas the Phoenician, a fortnight dead† (77). In the last segment â€Å"What the Thunder Said† his downturn appears to come to triumph. Eliot underscores â€Å"after the anguish in stony spots the yelling and the crying†¦he who was living is presently dead, we who were living are currently dying† (78). His scene has been destroyed: â€Å"falling towers Jerusalem Athens Alexandria Vienna London Unreal† (79). Regardless of his perspective and themes his work is excellent as it moves the â€Å"unreal† of his creative mind to our â€Å"reality† in such a one of a kind and individual way; by and large he has in truth conveyed his world in a breathtaking and convincing manner. Eliot has demonstrated that beneficial things can emerge from, if not be propelled by awful circumstances. Works Cited  â â â â â â â â â â Eliot, T.S. The Waste Land and Other Poems. New York: Barnes and Noble Classics, 2004.

Can Campral Help Your Recovery

Can Campral Help Your Recovery Addiction Coping and Recovery Overcoming Addiction Print Can Campral Help Your Recovery From Alcohol? It may help reduce your symptoms and alcohol cravings once youve quit. By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on November 21, 2019 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on January 24, 2020 Merck More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Overcoming Addiction Methods and Support Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Dosage Side Effects Who Should Take It What It Does Not Do Effectiveness View All Back To Top If you are struggling with anxiety, insomnia, and restlessness since giving up alcoholâ€"and youre feeling tempted to hit the bottle again for reliefâ€"the medication Campral  (acamprosate calcium) may help restore the balance of your brains neurotransmitters and ease your symptoms, thereby reducing your cravings.   Campral was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of alcohol dependence or alcoholism in the United States in 2004, but it has been used widely in Europe for many years. More than 1.5 million people have been treated worldwide with Campral.?? Campral is given to people who have already stopped drinking alcohol. It does not work in a person who continues to drink alcohol, nor does it help ease withdrawal symptoms. Rather, it helps the person who has given up drinking to maintain sobriety by reducing the desire for alcohol.   Campral is not a standalone treatment for alcohol addiction. Treatment for alcohol withdrawal should only be provided by a trained healthcare professional as symptoms can range from uncomfortable to life-threatening. Overview Campral is believed to restore chemical balance in the brain that is disrupted by long-term or chronic alcohol abuse. In other words, it helps the brain to begin working normally again by correcting the underlying neurochemical changes caused by chronic drinking. In this way, it helps people maintain  alcohol abstinence.?? When a person drinks heavily or frequently, the balance of neurotransmitters in the brain changes. Specifically, drinking decreases the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, creating a sedative effect. When someone with alcohol dependence quits drinking, glutamate increases, resulting in central nervous system hyperactivity and excitability. This can cause the person to crave alcohol to quell uncomfortable symptoms. Campral is thought to somewhat inhibit the release of glutamate as well as activate taurine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, ultimately decreasing the level of excitation the person experiences.   While Antabuse works by making someone sick if they drink alcohol and Naltrexone blocks the high people get when drinking, Campral reduces the physical distress and emotional discomfort people usually experience when they quit drinking. Campral reduces many of the post-acute withdrawal symptoms that many people experience during the early stages of alcohol abstinence, such as sweating, anxiety and sleep disturbances.?? Dosage Campral is typically prescribed in 333 mg time-release tablets, with two tablets (666 mg) taken three times a day. Some people may do fine with lower doses. Because Campral tablets are time-release, they should be swallowed whole and never crushed, cut or chewed. Campral is contraindicated in people with severe kidney impairment, but lower doses may be prescribed in less severe cases.?? Because the side effects of Campral are few and mild and because Campral is not addictive, it is usually prescribed for up to 12 months after ceasing alcohol consumption.?? How Anti-Alcohol Drugs Can Help Break the Habit Side Effects Campral was generally well-tolerated in clinical trials and the side effects that were reported are usually mild and temporary, including:?? DiarrheaDizzinessGasDry mouthHeadachesInsomniaItchingJoint or muscle painLoss of appetiteVomitingSweating Reasons to Call Your Doctor In rare cases, Campral can cause more severe side effects. Anyone who experiences any of the following symptoms should stop taking Campral immediately and contact their healthcare provider:Anxiety or nervousnessBurning, prickling or tingling in arms, legs, hands, or feetDepressionChest painsPassing urine less oftenSuicidal thoughts Who Should Take It People who have stopped drinking alcohol can begin taking Campral. It does not work if you are still drinking, or if you are using illicit drugs or abusing or overusing prescription medications. Campral should not be taken if you have any of the following conditions:?? DepressionKidney diseaseSuicidal thoughtsAllergic reaction to Campral, sulfites or other medicinesAllergic reaction to foods, dyes or preservativesPregnant or trying to get pregnantBreastfeeding What It Does Not Do Campral does not help someone quit drinking; it helps those who have already withdrawn from alcohol to maintain abstinence. Campral does not help with withdrawal symptoms experienced while going through early detoxification from alcohol. However, Campral has been shown to reduce sleep disturbances commonly experienced during early sobriety by recovering alcoholics.?? Effectiveness As with all other medications approved for the treatment of alcohol dependence, Campral is most effective as a part of an overall program of recovery including therapy, counseling and/or support group participation. During the FDA clinical trials, Campral was three times more effective than a placebo in maintaining abstinence from alcohol as part of an overall support program. However, the more recent COMBINE (Combining Medications and Behavioral Interventions for Alcoholism) study, surprisingly found that Campral was no more effective than a placebo.?? In other words, like all other treatments and approaches to maintaining alcohol abstinence, Campral does not work for everyone. Its not a magic bullet. But it may be a useful tool in your recovery arsenal.   Effective Alcoholism Treatments

An Overview Of Apollo 11 Mission - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1006 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/08/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Apollo 11 Essay Did you like this example? Apollo 11 Mission The Apollo Program was initiated in 1963 and was completed in 1972. The purpose of this program was to place a man on the moon, explore the surface of the moon, and develop the ability for man to work in the lunar environment (Loff, P.1). There were seventeen Apollo missions in total, however, only six of the seventeen placed man on the moon. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Overview Of Apollo 11 Mission" essay for you Create order Apollo 11 was the first of these missions to accomplish the goal of placing a man on the moon. (National Air and Space Museum) It was a televised event that the world will probably never forget. From the first footstep made by Neil Armstrong to the American flag that was proudly placed on the moons surface; the astronauts of the lunar module Eagle, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins changed history as we knew it on July 20, 1969. On July 16, 1969, the world watched as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) loaded three astronauts aboard the lunar module Eagle that sat on a launch pad at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Once launched, the lunar module Eagle raced into space where it made one and a half orbits before getting the ok to head towards the moon. The Apollo 11 mission began and in only four short days the goal of the Apollo mission would come to fruition. Neil Armstrong, the first astronaut to step onto the moons surface, joined NASA in 1962 where he was command pilot on the Gemini VIII mission and later would become the spacecraft commander for Apollo 11. He was an educated man who studied aeronautical engineering at Purdue University on a United States Navy scholarship. Neil served in the Korean War as a pilot who flew combat missions. After joining NASA, Mr. Armstrong served as a test pilot to aircraft that could reach top speeds of four thousand miles per hour, he also serve d as an engineer (Biography.com, P.2). When Neil Armstrong stepped on to the moons surface, the world watched in amazement. America achieved what many thought was impossible. We not only beat Russia to the moon, we were the first to step foot on it and Neil Armstrongs words Thats one small step for man and one giant leap for mankind was forever embedded in history (Dunbar, P.1). Mr. Armstrong would go on to have many more accomplishments in his NASA career before leaving in 1971. Neil passed away at the age of 82, just a few weeks after receiving an open-heart bypass surgery (Biography.com, P.5). Buzz Aldrin was the second man on the moon and he assisted Neil Armstrong with placing the American flag on the moons surface. Like Neil, Buzz was a pilot during the Korean War. He participated in the 1963 Gemini mission and was later chosen for the Apollo 11 mission. Buzz got his pilot experience while serving in the United States Air Force. Buzz held a doctorate degree and laid the groundwork for underwater training techniques to simulate spacewalking. Despite his amazing career, Buzz admitted in his autobiography, Return to Earth, that he battled depression and alcoholism during his time with NASA. Once he obtained sobriety Buzz went on to write several books, appeared on many television shows, he played a small role in the movie Transformers, promoted space exploration by collaborating with Snoop Dogg and Talib Kweli to create a song called Rocket Experience and he inspired Disneys Buzz Lightyear character. Here are a couple interesting facts about Buzz Aldrin, his mothers maiden name was Moon (how ironic) and Buzz once punched a man in the face for saying the moon landing was fake. (who could blame him). Buzz Aldrin is currently 88 years old and doing well. Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins left space on July 22, 1969, and returned to Earth on July 24th. They were required to remain in a 21-day quarantine as a precaution against uncertain threats of contagion (National Air and Space Museum, P.2). Once quarantine was complete, a ticker-tape parade was provided for the three astronauts, where New Yorkers dropped a record amount of paper products onto the streets to celebrate and welcome home the returning heroes (National Air and Space Museum, P.3). (NASA, NASA, spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/apollo/apollo11/html/s70_17433.html) Neil and Buzzs legacy will continue to live on in the history books and in the stories, we share with new generations of space enthusiast. NASA, the astronauts, and the many hundreds of people behind the scenes that work together to make space exploration possible deserve a lot more credit than probably receive. Without these amazing people, we would never know what a moon rock looked like, how a person eats, drinks, sleeps, and works on a space station, or all the beauty our solar system offers. I hope pictures like this, help remind people of the work, dedication, and sacrifices made for good of mankind. google.com/search?biw=640bih=635tbm=ischsa=1ei=IjTMWoGuM4iXjwTCiq6gAwq=NASA- earthoq=NASA- earthgs_l=psy-ab.3..0i7i30k1l10.6138.12449.0.13515.29.26.0.0.0.0.357.3107.4j9j5j1.19.0.01c.1.64.psy-ab..12.8.17660j0i67k1j0i8i30k1.0.OsFMbk0Ls8Q Â  Works Cited Apollo 11 (AS-506).Apollo 11 (AS-506) | National Air and Space Museum, airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/topics/apollo/apollo-program/landing-missions/apollo11.cfm. Buzz Aldrin.Biography.com, AE Networks Television, 16 Mar. 2018, www.biography.com/people/buzz-aldrin-9179894. Dunbar, Brian. July 20, 1969: One Giant Leap For Mankind.NASA, NASA, 19 Feb. 2015, www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/apollo11.html. Google Search, Google, www.google.com/search?biw=640bih=635tbm=ischsa=1ei=IjTMWoGuM4iXjwTCiq6gAwq=NASA- earthoq=NASA- earthgs_l=psy-ab.3..0i7i30k1l10.6138.12449.0.13515.29.26.0.0.0.0.357.3107.4j9j5j1.19.0.01c.1.64.psy-ab..12.8.17660j0i67k1j0i8i30k1.0.OsFMbk0Ls8Q Loff, Sarah. Apollo 11 Mission Overview.NASA, NASA, 17 Apr. 2015, www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo11.html. NASA, NASA, spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/apollo/apollo11/html/s70_17433.html. Neil Armstrong.Biography.com, AE Networks Television, 28 Apr. 2017, www.biography.com/people/neil-armstrong-9188943.

How to Handle Violence in Youth Sports - 1498 Words

Everyone agrees that parent involvement is a good thing. But when the parent behaves inappropriately, it creates a poor environment for the children to learn and enjoy themselves. Sideline rage with parents behaving badly at youth sports events is such an epidemic, that 76% of respondents from 60 high school athletic associations said increased spectator interference is causing many officials to quit (Associated Press, 6/3/01). Parents are supposed to be role models, and the lessons they teach will determine their values and actions in the future. These days violence in childrens sports is not limited to the playing field; overbearing parents are creating dangerous situations on the field. Involving your child in sports is important†¦show more content†¦At age ten, many kids have private coaching and attend specialized clinics in the off season. The coach is usually someone with a background in sports, either a retired professional player or coach. Practices are now scheduled for twice a week and attending a weekly clinic is strongly recommended, with a strength conditioning workout schedule between practices. All of these changes mean more involvement time for the parents. Parents are now spending up ten hours a week watching their children compete with other children, and this pressure can sometimes be too much for the parent. In 2002, Thomas Junta was convicted of involuntary manslaughter after he attacked Michael Costin, who later died of his injuries. Mr. Costin was refereeing a pickup game of hockey. The fight was witnessed by a dozen children including the children of both Mr. Junta and Mr. Costin (Butterfield, 2002). While this is by far one of the worst incidents in sports rage, there are other types of behavior that can still harm our youth. Physical violence is often a rare occurrence; verbal abuse and intimidation have been seen frequently. When a parents scream at their child after practice that he/she did not run fast enough or hit hard enough, can be considered a form of verbal abuse. Also consider when a parent of one child screams at the team for not performing well and not winning the game, this combined with swearing can reduce a child to tears. Daniel Wann, PhD states that if aShow MoreRelatedYouth Sports Should Not Be A Challenge For Children1361 Words   |  6 PagesGrowing up as a you ng adult is hard enough as it is, playing sports should not be a challenge for them, but a fun environment filled with growth and learning. Unfortunately the youth today have to deal with more than just competing at sports. Youth sports should be focusing on challenging their strengths and building character, but this is not the case. The challenges that the youth in sports today are going through deals with three different categories. The first is parents that are out of controlRead MoreYouth Gang Prevention Efforts : A Two Pronged Prevention843 Words   |  4 PagesYouth Gang Prevention Efforts A two-pronged prevention approach has proven effective, with primary prevention strategies aimed at the community s general population and secondary prevention strategies targeting youth between the ages of 7 and 14 who are at high risk of joining gangs. Prevention efforts undertaken by law enforcement departments around the country include: â€Å"Participating in community awareness campaigns (e.g. developing public service announcements and poster campaigns). ContactingRead MoreVideo Games and Youth Violence: Is There a Connection? Essay example1002 Words   |  5 Pagesmany and the reasons are still under debate. 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I do believe that the public school system can aid in boosting a child s self-esteem and self-confidence. An example of social activities such as: sports, outings, clubs and just the normal day -to-day basis interaction with friendsRead More Children and Gangs Essay716 Words   |  3 Pages The problem of gangs is growing, and not only in major city centers. The Justice Department says there are now 30,000 gangs with more than 800,000 members. The National Youth Gang Centre (NYGC), which conducts an annual survey that is funded by the Justice Department, concedes that every town of 250,000 people now has a gang problem. Many young adults who join gangs may do it for the following reasons: - Gangs may offer kids a powerful group identity and a kind of recognition they cannot get

Impact of International Trade on the Environment Free Essays

International trade has a great potential to uplift the lives of people in developing countries as well as increasing profits for companies in the developed world. It can also have environmental consequences if the transactions are not consciously provisioned. This potential can flourish when countries come to a common agreement on trade laws that protect against the damages that using these products can bring upon the local community. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of International Trade on the Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pesticide use for agriculture and disease control has been a controversial topic for decades given its toll on people and the environment. Its monitoring has been increasingly successful in industrial countries but almost non-existent in developing countries causing detriment to the health of thousands of farm workers around the world as they repeatedly come in contact with and inhale harmful chemicals. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), different pesticides, when consumed, have varying and inter-related effects as they pass through the food chain. Therefore, the larger concentrations of pesticides are found on larger predators, including men. Among the damages to living organisms, including aquatic species, are cancers, tumors and lesions, reproductive inhibition or failure, suppression of immune system, disruption of endocrine system, cellular and DNA damage, physical deformities such as hooked beaks on birds, poor fish health marked by low red to white blood cell ratio, and death. In some cases, chronic effects are passed from generation to generation and only become apparent in time 1. The persistent and rapidly spreading properties of toxic chemicals present in pesticides do not concern only the developing world. Some, including PCBs can originate in India and ride the wind to the Arctic in just 5 days 2. The FAO’s research discovered that â€Å"in the Great Lakes of North America bioaccumulation (or movement of a chemical from the surrounding medium into an organism) and magnification of chlorinated compounds in what is, on global standards, a relatively clean aquatic system, caused the disappearance of top predators such as eagle and mink and deformities in several species of aquatic birds† 3. In recognition of the disadvantages many harmful pesticides such as DDT have been banned in the United States, yet their manufacture for exportation is still permitted. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates the imports and exports of these products in an effort to prevent health and contamination issues as well as to supervise fair competition. The law requires that â€Å"exporters of unregistered (or unapproved) pesticides first obtain a statement signed by the foreign purchaser indicating the purchaser’s awareness of that product in the U. S† 4. Despite this awareness, some countries continue to use them because it is an inexpensive way to keep their crops blemish-free and fight diseases like malaria, for example. In tropical and subtropical regions, â€Å"in addition to pesticides used in the normal course of irrigated agriculture, control of vector-borne diseases may require additional application of insecticides such as DDT which have serious and widespread ecological consequences† 5. Such large demand in countries with endangered eco-systems like Brazil has lured many companies in industrial countries to keep producing and exporting. More than 312 million kg were exported from the US in 1996, a 40% increase since 1992. Some even move their production to third world countries where environmental regulations are far less restrictive. In many past cases pesticide packages were exported without the proper disclosure of all chemicals, making it difficult to distinguish their consequences. This was especially unsafe for farmers in developing countries where protecting equipment is scarce 6. Improvement is underway, but sometimes it also means taking a few steps backwards. Since the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent (PIC), adopted in February 2004, the U. S. is also making an effort in sharing the responsible use of 39 hazardous chemicals listed by the Convention 7. Some developing countries followed on the initiative to ban or restrict hazardous pesticides for health and environmental reasons, yet this positive step towards resolving the situation has led to water contamination concerns. These countries lack the monetary resources to properly store or dispose of about 100,000 tons they no longer use, sometimes because they have deteriorated in storage. Drums are kept exposed to sun and rain running the risk of bursting open or leaking. Some are kept near markets contaminating the soil, groundwater, drinking water, and irrigation. In efforts to decrease their stocks some countries have opted to donate them in foreign aid programs. Far from resolving the problem, this only moves it elsewhere. Solutions seem farfetched for the developing world since FAO estimates it would cost $80-100 million in Africa alone to dispose of them appropriately 8. EPA’s law to allow exporting banned pesticides is greatly flawed because these harmful chemicals return on imported food, wind currents and rain or snow. Despite efforts to regulate the tolerable chemical residue on imported foods, as long as toxic chemicals are still manufactured the global environment and public health will continue to deteriorate. Unfortunately, environmental legislation usually takes years to take effect and is mostly driven by business interests. A sensible solution would be to radically eliminate the use of these chemicals globally and replace them with natural ingredients and green technology. How to cite Impact of International Trade on the Environment, Papers

Moll Essays - Films, Picaresque Novels, Moll Flanders, Moll

Moll Flanders By Daniel Defoe Moll Flanders: A woman in the 17th century who was born in Newgate ( a prison) and spent twelve years as a whore, twelve years as a thief, was married five times, committed incest, was sentenced to death, but given a reprieve, and was transported to Virginia were she finally prospered. As a child Moll was raved upon for her beauty and her ability to carry herself even as a orphan. Even as she got older her great beauty remained as well as her shape. She had the character of a very calm, modest, and virtuous young woman. Moll was a very strong-willed woman. Through out her life, the good times and the bad, she never gave up. She was determined to have all that she wanted, and at any expense. This part of her was what led her to do some of the many wicked things she did. Robert: He was the first man Moll slept with, and then fell in love with. There was no physical description of him. This young man was the eldest of the four children Moll grew up with. He was more experienced in his age than Moll was in hers. He was charming, and he was a user. He knew how to charm Moll to get what he wanted. Husband 1: His name was Robin. He was the younger brother of the four children Moll grew up with. He also professed his love to Moll on many occasions, and she did finally marry him. She had two children with him. There was no physical description of him. He was an earnest husband; tender, kind, good-humored, and he loved Moll dearly. He died five years after they were married. Husband 2: This man Moll chose for herself. He was a linen draper. No physical description was given for him. They were not married long when his fortune had been wasted away, and he was arrested for a crime too big for him to get bail. Husband 3: A sea captain that Moll trapped into marriage by pretending that she had a fortune, but was actually fairly poor. They were very happy together. He brought her to Virginia, where he had a plantation. They lived in Virginia with his mother, and Moll discovered, during a conversation with her mother-in-law that the man she had married was actually her brother. There was no physical description of this man. the man from Bath: Moll met him at Bath. She became his mistress for five years after they had been just friends for some time. He maintained her quite well, and she had two children with him. He was a strong, vigorous, and busy person. There was no physical description of this man. Husband 4: He was reported to be a brother of Moll's friend. He actually was an infamous robber and con man. This is the man the story ends with. There was no physical description given of him. Husband 5: A banker from London who Moll enlisted to help her manage her money. He was quite in love with her. He obtained a divorce from his wife who had run off with an English captain so that he could be free to marry Moll. He died after five wonderful years. There was no physical description of this man except to say he was of good reputation and honest in his dealings. The Governess: The governess pushed Moll to her thieving ways, and kept her at it for twelve years. The governess was Moll's only friend after the incident with the man from Bath, and remained her friend until the end. The governess finally repented her rather shady ways when Moll was sentenced to death for stealing some silk. PLOT SUMMARY Moll was born in Newgate prison to a woman who dodged a hanging by becoming pregnant by a prison guard. Moll was left with some relatives of her mother. Her first memories are of herself being with some gypsy-type people who she somehow got separated from in Colchester. She found herself a ward of the town magistrates who felt compelled to provide care for her in some manner. She was placed in a home of a nurse who cared for her and educated her. Upon her eighth year, the town magistrates wanted her to go into the service but Moll talked her caretaker into hiring her instead. When Moll was fourteen years old, the nurse, whom she had come to call mother, died. A compassionate

Kentucky Vital Records - Marriage, Death Births

Kentucky Vital Records - Marriage, Death Births Learn how and where to obtain birth, marriage, and death certificates and records in Kentucky, including the dates for which Kentucky vital records are available, where they are located, and links to online Kentucky vital records databases. Kentucky Vital Records: Kentucky Department for Public HealthOffice of Vital Statistics275 East Main Street - IE-AFrankfort, KY 40621Phone: (502) 564-4212Fax: (502) 227-0032 What You Need to Know:Personal check or money order should be made payable to Kentucky State Treasurer. Call or visit the Web site to verify current fees. All requests MUST include the signature and a photocopy of a valid photo ID of the individual requesting the record. Web site: Kentucky Office of Vital Statistics Kentucky Birth Records Dates: From 1911 (statewide); selected counties from 1852 Cost of copy: $10.00 Comments: Access to birth records in Kentucky is not restricted by law.  With your request, include as much as you can of the following: the name on the birth record being requested, date of birth, place of birth (city or county), fathers full name, (last, first, middle), mothers full name, including her maiden name, your relationship to the person whose certificate is being requested, your daytime telephone number with area code, your handwritten signature and complete return mailing address.Application for Kentucky Birth Certificate * The Kentucky Department for Libraries and Archives has birth records for the cities of Louisville, Lexington, Covington and Newport, which enacted records collection ordinances before 1911. KDLA also has selected birth records (statewide coverage) covering the years 1852-1862, 1874-1879 and 1891-1910. Consult their website for a list of available birth records by county. Online:Kentucky Vital Records: 1852–1914 is a collection of free, digitized microfilm images on FamilySearch; includes birth records from the 1908–1910 range for many KY countiesKentucky Birth Records, 1847–1911 includes indexes and images (requires subscription to Ancestry.com) Kentucky Death Records Dates: From 1911 (statewide); selected counties from 1852 Cost of copy: $6.00 Comments: Access to death records in Kentucky is not restricted by law.  With your request, include as much as you can of the following: the name on the death record being requested, date of death, place of death (city or county), your relationship to the person whose certificate is being requested, your purpose for needing the copy, your daytime telephone number with area code, your handwritten signature and complete return mailing address. For deaths occurring from 1900 to 1917, the city and/or county of death is required in order to locate the record.Application for Kentucky Death Certificate * The Kentucky Department for Libraries and Archives has death records for the cities of Louisville, Lexington, Covington and Newport, which enacted records collection ordinances before 1911. KDLA also has selected death records (statewide coverage) covering the years 1852-1862, 1874-1879 and 1891-1910. Consult their Web site for a list of available death records by county. Online:Kentucky Death Index 1911-1992 (free)Kentucky Death Certificates and Records 1852-1953 including digitized Kentucky death certificates from 1911-1953 (requires subscription to Ancestry.com) Kentucky Marriage Records Dates: From June 1958 (statewide), but many go back to early 1800s Cost of Copy: $6.00 Comments:  The Kentucky Office of Vital Statistics does not have records of marriages prior to 1958. Copies of marriage certificates prior to June 1958 may be obtained from the county clerk in the county where the license was issued. Send your request to the Clerk of Court in the county where the marriage license was issued.Application for Kentucky Marriage Certificate Online:Kentucky Marriage Index 1973-1993 (free)    Kentucky Divorce Records Dates: Varies by county Cost of copy: Varies Comments: The Kentucky Office of Vital Statistics does not have records of divorces prior to 1958. Records of divorce proceedings prior to June 1958 are available from the clerk of the circuit court that granted the decree. Online:Kentucky Divorce Index 1973-1993 (free) More US Vital Records - Choose a State

UN ID Number Definition for Chemicals

UN ID Number Definition for Chemicals A United Nations Number –Â  also called a UN number or UN ID –Â  is a four digit code used to identify flammable and harmful chemicals. Non-hazardous chemicals are not given UN numbers. UN numbers are assigned by the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and range from UN0001 to about UN3534. However, UN 0001, UN 0002, and UN 0003 are no longer in use. In some cases, specific chemicals are assigned a UN ID, while in other cases, a number can apply to a group of products with similar properties. If a chemical behaves differently as a liquid than as a solid, two different numbers may be assigned. For the most part, NA numbers (North America numbers) from the United States Department of Transportation are identical to UN numbers. In some cases, a NA number exists where a UN number has not been assigned.There are a few exceptions, including the identifier for asbestos and that for non-pressurized self-defense spray. Use of UN Numbers The primary purpose for the codes is to regulate modes of transport for hazardous chemicals and provide key information for emergency response teams in the event of an accident. The codes may also be used to identify storage incompatibilities. UN Number Examples UN numbers are only assigned for hazardous materials, such as explosives, oxidizers, toxins, and flammable substances. The first number in modern use is UN0004, is for ammonium picrate, present at less than 10% by mass. The UN for acrylamide is UN2074. Gunpowder is identified by UN0027. Air bag modules are indicated by UN0503.

Discussion Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 23

Discussion Question - Essay Example Compare and contrast the flow of litigation in criminal cases and civil proceedings. Include a discussion of the introduction of each type of case in the process, the participants, and the role of the court in each. A civil case involves a situation where an individual or a particular entity states that another entity has failed to reach the legal responsibilities they ought to carry out. The duties in such a case are established under the constitutional law. It is thus the role of the courts to see to it that these people receive quality treatment and consequently either lead to annulment of the agreement or resolution of the dispute. In criminal cases, the person is charged in a legal process referred to as an indictment. On behalf of the American citizens, the government takes up the responsibility of prosecuting the particular person or group (Herring 35). The attorney’s office has the responsibility of prosecuting these state

An into to Business Studies End-of-Module Essay

An into to Business Studies End-of-Module - Essay Example ists Threats Low shelf life of cut flowers Highly competitive market Fluctuations in demand depending on various macroeconomic factors Competitors might seek the advantage of poaching the talented employees of Arena Flowers Seasonal business with low profit margin Tough to manage inventory levels efficiently The SWOT analysis of the company can be done taking into account each of the three key business areas as presented in the table shown above (Preston, 2012, p.30-31). It indicates that there are some of the concerning weaknesses of the company which it can improve upon to be able to run its business efficiently and increase its profitability, ultimately being successful in achieving the goals and objectives of the company. In addition to the weaknesses, the company can improve upon the identified threats to become proactive to the situations and add to its competitive advantage in the market. The primary threat identified for the company is from its competitors. Hence, the company can think of expanding its businesses in places where the competition and could easily win the market share there. The company needs to device a strong and diverse marketing strategy to promote and advertise its business which would ensure that it would be able to increase its brand significantly. Efficiency could be achieved in its business operations if the job responsibilities are delegated to all the employees in an effective manner. The company needs to use the latest technology available to design its inventory management system through effective future forecasting of the future sales demand of its products. In order to achieve its goal of becoming one of the largest companies in the industry it needs to have a competitive advantage which could be achieved through strengthening its core competencies and investing more on research and development to innovate new products that could attract large number of customers to buy its products. Focus should be on recording pre-tax prof its rather than after-tax profits to be able to attract prospective investors to invest in the company. All these initiatives can help the company to achieve its objectives and build up a sustainable business. Question 1 (b) Factors Influencing Organisational Culture Organisational culture is an important aspect of analysing a business organisation. In the context of Arena Flowers various factors can be identified which acts as a driving force in developing the cultural environment observable within the company and the business activities carried on by it. One of the major factors influencing the culture of Arena Flowers is the influence of its cofounder Mr. Wynne who is

Declaration of Independence :: essays papers

Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence is perhaps the most masterfully written document of Western civilization. This essay seeks to illuminate that artistry by probing the discourse microscopically at the level of the sentence, phrase, word, and syllable. By approaching the Declaration in this way, we can shed light both on its literary qualities and on its rhetorical power as a work designed to convince the American colonies they were justified in seeking to establish them as an independent nation. The introduction consists of the first paragraph a single, lengthy, periodic sentence: When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. Taken out of context, this sentence is general it could be used as the introduction to a declaration by anyone. Seen within its original context, however, it is a model of refinement, and suggestion that worked on several levels of meaning and allusion. This orients readers toward a favorable view of America and prepares them for the rest of the Declaration. It dignifies the Revolution as a challenge of principle. The introduction identifies the purpose of the Declaration as simply to ^declare^ to announce publicly in explicit terms the ^causes^ impelling America to leave the British Empire. Rather than presenting one side in a public controversy on which good and decent people could differ, the Declaration claims to do no more than a natural philosopher would do in reporting the causes of any physical event. The issue, it implies, is not one of interpretation, but one of observation. The most important word in the introduction is ^necessary.^ To say an act was necessary implied that it was impelled by fate or determined by the operation of foolproof natural laws. The Revolution was not merely preferable, defensible, or justifiable. It was as inescapable, as inevitable, and as unavoidable within the course of human events as the motions of the tides or the changing of the seasons within the course of natural events. The Revolution, with connotations of necessity, was particularly important because, according to the law of nations, recourse to war was lawful only when it became ^necessary.^ The notion of necessity was important that, in addition to appearing in the introduction of the Declaration, it was invoked twice more at crucial junctures in the rest of the text.

Power of Love Essay

We all need love to be able to be connected to others. The more connected you are to a person the more that you are healthier and love is very essential for life, mind, heart, and it is oxygen to the brain. It is important to have love in life. We grow to love others because if comes from within and from our hearts. We need to love to survive to feel the need to belong to someone. Frequently people grow accustomed to each other when they have love in their lives. Frequently, people encounter situations in their environment in which it is impossible to not be with another person when they are in love and feel a bond between each other. It is therefore of great importance for one’s attention and process to be connected to each other through love. I believe love is something that sweeps us off our feet that takes our breath away with that someone special and that special feeling that is shared between two people. It is something that we all need. Love to me is a flower, a word, a song a note something special between two people emotionally. Love is like the best medicine for anything. but many of our ideas about it are wrong. The less love you have, the more depressed you are likely to feel. (By Ellen McGrath, published on December 01, 2002 – last reviewed on March 30, 2009) I have learned that when people are depressed it is because they don’t love themselves and therefore they can’t love anyone else. It is sad to think that so many of us in today’s society are really very sadly depressed and that we feel we have to have someone in our life and that we miss interpret lonely it to love. I have done this before where I have been depressed and have had someone in my life and thought it was love and it was not. I guess when I didn’t love myself, I was not sure how to signal out the two or how to differentiate. Being depressed can attract you to someone, and it totally can be the wrong person for us. What attracts us to another person is there character, personality, Their smile their vulnerability and how they treat us and draw us close to them. We are less likely to befriend someone from another culture because it is more interesting due to other cultures backgrounds, accents. We choose others from other cultures than our own culture because it isn’t new anymore and it is of the same likes as our own. The attribution of attraction is they include. In our textbooks we read about Proximity and that is how our friends lived close to us as we grew up and how the friendships developed over the length of time. Friendship developed (Nahemow & Lawton, 1975). We all know that friendships grow after getting to know someone, and this closeness becomes very easy to win over and turn into a relationship. Just like when we go to school we have classes together and we sit among each other and of course that will develop into making more friends if not relationships and then start making closer bonds with friends. Then there is association where we tend to express our opinions about other people and share our insights with others. We also share similarities and we sometimes associate that with attractiveness and likeness which is something two people share that can result in bonding between two people that share the same qualities. (Neimeyer & Mitchell, 1988) Then we simply tend to like those who like us back or are similar to what we are like. It is a great sense of feeling when you know that you are interacting with someone that is a lot like yourself and that that person likes you back and that you both get a long that you don’t have to pretend to be someone else and that you both get along exceptionally well. We feel good when we are around somebody. We tend to report a higher level of attraction toward that person (Forgas, 1992; Zajonc & McIntosh, 1992) Physical attraction plays a role in who we care to be friends with. Even though that sometimes doesn’t mean that we may be attracted to that person or that we choose that person to be with it is just an attraction that happens between two people who have very similar likes. We can’t help who we are attracted to and who we end up with. It isn’t something we plan it is something that just happens. Opposites attract and that sometimes can bring two people phys ically closer in a relationship than a friendship. Sometimes attractive people attract other attractive people and sometimes attraction has nothing to do with looks what so ever. It is just a mutual or physical bonding that brings two people together. Sometimes a tall person may be attracted to a person who is a short person. A skinny person can be with a heavy person. Attraction isn’t about money, wealth, fame, or young, old or anything like that. It is a feeling that two people share no matter the circumstances and it is the way things are. The human need to build bonds in a relationship is because as human nature we just want to belong to someone. We have basic needs just as an infant needs their mother to carry them, hold them and nurture them so do we. As we get older we need someone to hold us and care for us and tell us that things are going to be okay. It provides stability, security, It totally assist in growth between two people. Just like anything in life we need the use of water, shelter and warmth and we need to be able to have some form of survival in our lives. We need that comfort and that love and that closeness that we feel only one person can give to us. That is what we need to be able to have that human bond in life. Yes we do have an innate to belong of course most definitely because we all want love and we all want to be loved and we all want to love back. We all fear being alone as we grow older and we all fear that everyone will leave us one day and it is a very scary feeling. Many people tend to h ave panic attacks just knowing that they will be alone and that is very depressing. From the very beginning of life In my opinion and in my own life ,I would have to say that loneliness is a very sad feeling and it is a feeling of emotion of being disconnected from society from family, from life in general. It is like when you feel the loss of a loved one that has been in your life for many years and they are no longer around you sense loneliness all around you feel like you have lost your best friend and you feel so isolated and you can be around friends and family all day long and you can feel good on the outside and yet still be dying on the inside with anxiety and panic worrying that you are alone that nobody cares. It is obvious that humans have an innate need to feel connected. We are social beings with many needs and a want and need to belong. Robert Sternberg’s theory he explained the differences of love and that they consisted of three different kind of loves: he des cribed intimacy as a need for emotional connection which is shared between two people who have desire for each other and share intimate feelings. Then he shared passion as he explained passion, he expressed it as a sexual attraction that was a motivational drive that was shared between two people who had such a desire for one another and passion he described as two people who had very deep attractiveness for each other. To me consummated love is between a husband and a wife in a committed union. and that is as Robert Sternberg said it is a thoughtful part of love; it involves first deciding one is â€Å"in love,† which, over time, develops into a lasting commitment to a relationship or person. (Nevid & Rathus, 2005) Romantic love to me is a love that is where you hold hands and you get butterflies. Where intimacy is involved even it is it is not a committed relationship but it is shared between to physically drawn individuals. Romantic lovers look at each other through â€Å"rose colored glasses† not seeing each other’s flaws. (Nevid & Rathus, 2005) Empty love to me is a love where two people are married and yet aren’t in love with one another anymore but they stay together because of security and emotional ties and years have been invested. They stay together for fear of being alone and they deal with each other because it’s out of respect. (Nevid & Rathus, 2005) in today’s society so many people can relate to this sort of love because so many people remain together for their children not realizing that staying together is making the children miserable and that eventually they will grow up and leave the nest making their own lives elsewhere. I think this is such a sad love. Infatuation is a relationship based on passion, with no intimacy or commitment. Infatuation is characterized by passionate attraction on sight, and an example of such would be a one night stand. (Nevid & Rathus, 2005) Why do so many people want to stay together and ruin their lives in an empty love relationship? Th ey don’t realize that by being honest with themselves they could start a new with someone else and be totally happy. Today so many men have affairs in an empty love relationship even if they are secure, have fear and stay together because of finances and obligations. Why can’t we all just be happy and be with the one person that makes us the happiest. I know this feeling all too well and I chose to walk away from an empty love. Free to be happy, Free to independent, free to be free and not with someone out of obligation. It is sad to be with someone who you don’t desire or love anymore. It is not right to make someone stay with you just because you have been together for so long. I longed to be desired and loved and wanted and needed with someone who truly loved me and was willing to make a commitment and give themselves to me entirely. I chose to be with someone who I am in love with and who has my heart. Not someone I feel an obligation or duty to at all. That is like saying, If I wanted a maid, I would have married a maid.â€Å" But I married a partner, A best friend, my soul mate my companion and my everything. That to me is a genuine love and so many people don’t know what they are looking for in life and it’s the saddest thing if you ask me. References: Referred By Ellen McGrath, published on December 01, 2002 – last reviewed on March 30, 2009 http://beta.in-mind.org http://panicdisorder.about http://voices.yahoo.com/sternbergs-theory-love

Character Analysis of Estelle in Atwoods Rape Fantasies...

Character Analysis of Estelle in Atwoods Rape Fantasies Estelle is the only thoroughly developed character in Margaret Atwoods Rape Fantasies. Though she is the narrator and quite thoughtful of the ideas and reactions of the storys supporting players, it is her almost obsessive preoccupation with a singular topic that actually prompts her to fully illustrate her own ideas and reactions, drawing a character far more compelling than any of the men or women she will attempt to describe. Estelle begins her story and ruminations swiftly. She considers rape, how rape has recently been treated like a new scourge, and how essays and tips on rape prevention have become something of an institution themselves. Estelle recalls a†¦show more content†¦She worked in Detroit for three years and she never lets you forget it, its like she thinks shesa war hero or something... Estelle puts each of them into what she feels is their place, and never once looks at herself with the same eye. Estelle is above such criticism only because she can relate t o her own feelings, and she is ready to trivialize and criticize the other characters because she believes she cannot relate to them, considering mostly their flaws. But it is the clear similarities between Estelle and the women, shown vividly during this collective speculation on the rape fantasy topic, that realizes Estelles character to the audience. Of all the women at the table, only Estelle tosses out obnoxious humor, and it is the reaction to this obnoxiousness that unifies the group and identifies Estelle: theyre thinking of her the same way shes thinking of them, but with better reason to do so. Estelles own rape fantasies show her creativity and her willingness